USDA/CFSA
如何保護(hù)嬰兒遠(yuǎn)離李斯特菌
（本材料選自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)、參考、收藏 ）
單核細(xì)胞增生李斯特氏菌是一種人畜共患病的病原菌。它能引起人、畜的李氏特菌病，感染后主要表現(xiàn)為敗血癥、腦膜炎和單核細(xì)胞增多。它廣泛存在于自然界中，食品中存在的單增李氏菌對人類的安全具有危險(xiǎn)，該菌在4℃的環(huán)境中仍可生長繁殖，是冷藏食品威脅人類健康的主要病原菌之一。李斯特菌比常見的沙門氏菌和某些大腸桿菌更為致命。1999年底，美國發(fā)生了歷史上因食用帶有李斯特菌的食品而引發(fā)的最嚴(yán)重的食物中毒事件，據(jù)美國疾病控制和防治中心資料顯示，在美國密歇根州有14人因食用被該菌污染的“熱狗”和熟肉而死亡，在另外22個(gè)州97人患此病，6名婦女流產(chǎn)。
先看一下國家食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估中心關(guān)于單增李斯特菌的宣傳視頻。
另外，美國農(nóng)業(yè)部也就如果保護(hù)嬰兒和成人遠(yuǎn)離李斯特菌，發(fā)布了針對性的安全建議，摘要如下供大家參考 ?
Pregnant women are at higher risk of getting sick from?Listeria monocytogenes, a harmful bacterium found in many foods.?Listeria?can cause a disease called Listeriosis that can result in miscarriage, premature delivery, serious sickness, or the death of a newborn baby. If you are pregnant, you need to know what foods are safe to eat.
Clean up spills in your refrigerator right away, especially juices from raw meat and poultry.
Clean the inside walls and shelves of your refrigerator with hot water and liquid soap.
Wash your hands for 20 seconds with soap and water after touching hot dogs, raw meat, poultry or seafood.
Keep raw meat, fish and poultry away from ready-to-eat foods.
Cook food to a safe minimum internal temperature. Check with a food thermometer and heat lunch meats until steaming.
Listeria can grow in the refrigerator. The refrigerator should be set to 40 oF or lower and the freezer to 0 oF or lower. Use a refrigerator thermometer to check the inside temperature.
Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, chills, headache, backache, general aches, upset stomach, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Gastrointestinal symptoms may appear within a few hours to two to three days, and disease may appear two to six weeks after ingestion. The duration is variable.
Pregnant women are at higher risk and may develop problems with pregnancy that include miscarriage, fetal death or severe illness or death in newborns.
Every year an estimated 1,600 Americans become sick and 260 people die from Listeriosis.
Call your doctor, nurse or health clinic if you have any of these signs. If you have Listeriosis, your doctor can treat you.
Hot dogs, luncheon meats, bologna, or other deli meats unless they are reheated until steaming hot.
Refrigerated paté, meat spreads from a meat counter, or smoked seafood found in the refrigerated section of the store. Foods that do not need refrigeration, like canned meat spreads, are okay to eat. Remember to refrigerate after opening.
Raw (unpasteurized) milk and foods that have unpasteurized milk in them.
Salads made in the store such as ham salad, chicken salad, egg salad, tuna salad or seafood salad.
Soft cheeses such as Feta, queso blanco, queso fresco, Brie, Camembert, blue-veined cheeses, and Panela unless it is labeled as “MADE WITH PASTEURIZED MILK.”
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